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Next: Case when the utility Up: ``Emission game'': some applications Previous: Marginal cases: either small

The case of n actors

These results extend easily on an arbitrary number of actors. Suppose that there are n independent actors (countries or regions), each of them releases tex2html_wrap_inline1075 (tex2html_wrap_inline1077) amount of COtex2html_wrap_inline817 per year into the atmosphere. The total emission is equal to tex2html_wrap_inline1081. If each actor reduces his own emission tex2html_wrap_inline1075 to tex2html_wrap_inline1085 then his expenditure will be described by the utility function tex2html_wrap_inline1087 which is a monotonously decreasing function of its argument. All the actors tend not only to realise the own ``egoistic'' interests, tex2html_wrap_inline1089, but also to the achievement of the common ``altruistic'' aim, tex2html_wrap_inline1091. As we already did, we introduce the coefficients of egoism, tex2html_wrap_inline1093, which make these ``egoistic'' and ``altruistic'' criteria commensurable. Using these coefficients we can fold these criteria into one criterion
 equation176
Therefore we got the following problem:
 equation179
A solution of the problem is based on the analogous equilibrium principle: the system will be at a stable and efficient equilibrium, i.e. it will belong to the Pareto's set, if such tex2html_wrap_inline1095 exists that
 eqnarray184
If we enumerate all actors, so that i < j if tex2html_wrap_inline1099, we save all the statements which have been proven for the case of two actors, since all the proofs are literally repeated. Therefore we omit these proofs and formulate the final results.

In order to assure that the values tex2html_wrap_inline1095 describe the Pareto equilibrium the existence of such number m that tex2html_wrap_inline1095, tex2html_wrap_inline1107 are a solution of the following equations:
 equation198
and that the functions tex2html_wrap_inline1109 and the values tex2html_wrap_inline1075 for tex2html_wrap_inline1113 satisfy the inequalities
 equation202
are a necessary and sufficient conditions. Note that the equations (13) have one unique solution.

It is obvious that the number m separates the set of actors on two subsets: the first subset (with the numbers from 1 to m) is a community of super-altruists who reduce their emissions to zero, not depending on the behaviour of members of the second egoistic community (with the numbers from m+1 to n). In turn, the members of the egoistic community play their own game, not taking into consideration members of the first community. Note that the separation on the two communities can be done only a posteriori after the solution of (13) for different m is obtained and after the consequent test of the inequalities (14).

Certainly, the reality is more complex than our theory, and the existence of such sort of altruistic community is rather a theoretical abstraction than a real fact. Therefore, further on we shall consider the case when all the actors participate in the emissions game.


next up previous
Next: Case when the utility Up: ``Emission game'': some applications Previous: Marginal cases: either small

Werner von Bloh (Data & Computation)
Thu Jul 13 15:46:47 MEST 2000