next up previous
Next: Construction of the set Up: Case-study: Barley crop production Previous: Crop production model.

Statistical weather generator

which generates time-series for daily average temperature, precipitation and solar hours [9]. This generator was fitted to the meteorological observations carried out in the Kursk Biosphere Station from 1970 up to 1984. The generator was constructed in the following way.

Let tex2html_wrap_inline935 and tex2html_wrap_inline937 be the probabilities of occurrence for wet and dry series of length tex2html_wrap_inline939 and tex2html_wrap_inline941, associated with day tex2html_wrap_inline899. The distribution tex2html_wrap_inline935 may be approximated by the geometric distribution with the parameter obtained from observation data by the maximum likelihood method. The distribution tex2html_wrap_inline937 is approximated by mixing of two geometric distributions with the probability p for short series (shorter than one week) and the probability 1-p for long series.

The distribution of precipitation (in mm) is a mixing of three distributions:
 equation131
Here tex2html_wrap_inline959, tex2html_wrap_inline961 and tex2html_wrap_inline963 are the probabilities of ``small'' (less than 0.5 mm), ``medium'' (0.5 - 20 mm) and ``large'' (more than 20 mm) precipitation for each tex2html_wrap_inline899 (tex2html_wrap_inline975). UNI is the uniform distribution for small precipitation, EXP is the exponential distribution for medium precipitation and tex2html_wrap_inline977 is the mean large precipitation.

The temperature is described by a normal distribution with different parameters for wet and dry series, so that
 equation144
where tex2html_wrap_inline979 is the correlation coefficient between two consecutive days, N(0,1) is the Gauss function with parameters 0 and 1, a and b (tex2html_wrap_inline987) are the parameters providing the standard normal distribution for tex2html_wrap_inline989. The index l points the position of day tex2html_wrap_inline899 within the series, the index k stands for w-wet and d-dry series. In this way the daily temperature is defined for each tex2html_wrap_inline899 by its arithmetic mean, tex2html_wrap_inline1003, and its variance, tex2html_wrap_inline1005.

Solar hours are also described as a normal stochastic variable with the parameters depending on the number of day, tex2html_wrap_inline899, and its position within either wet or dry series, l.

As an illustration, one result of calculation with help of our generator is shown in Fig. 4.

  figure148
Figure 4: Probabilities of the following events: a) minimal temperature exceeds a given value within the period from day 120 to 240 ; b) maximal temperature exceeds a given value within the period from day 20 to 240.

Since the functional dependence is very unwieldy for descriptive presentation of calculation results we shall try to compress these distributions to a few moments of them. Thus, each trajectory will be described by two values: mean and variance calculated for the vegetation period, and then the crop yield will be a function of six variables. At the beginning we suppose that crop production depends on two variables only: annual (more correct, vegetation period) mean temperature and temperature variance.


next up previous
Next: Construction of the set Up: Case-study: Barley crop production Previous: Crop production model.

Werner von Bloh (Data & Computation)
Fri Jul 14 10:44:24 MEST 2000