What connects complex networks in trade or social networks is also at play in the climate system and even the human brain. Frontier research using advanced mathematical methods explores the dynamics of all these; dynamics that are often non-linear and hard to detect but to some extent universal in nature. Machine Learning, often dubbed Artificial Intelligence, is applied to this end, making sense out of Big Data from weather phenomena to human interactions. Decision theory and Game Theory helps to understand why people do what they do. And it helps to develop novel designs for processes that may support finding comprehensive solutions.