Woodcut of Fish   Wolfgang Lucht   ·   Publications
Logo of PIK Chair Research Domain I
Earth System Analysis
Logo of Potsdam
                University Alexander von Humboldt Chair
in Sustainability Science

Research · CV · Publications · Functions · Lecturing · Press · Contact



Key:
J = Journal article
/ B = Chapter in a book / P = Other scientific paper / R = Report / A = General article / O = Other

2024


(J.130) Michaelis, J., B. Vogel, S. Strunz, W. Lucht, H. Dahms, C. Dornack, A. Geissler, J. Hertin, F. Hoffart, C. Kemfert, M. Klein, W. Köck, J. Lage, E. Marquard, S. Schmalz, J. Settele, B. Sommer, S. Weiss, and S. Wiegand, Sufficiency as a ‘Strategy of the Enough’: Curbing ecological crises and injustices, GAIA, 33, 275-281, 2024.

(J.129) Drüke, M.,
W. Lucht, W. von Bloh, S. Petri, B. Sakschewski, A. Tobian, S. Loriani, S. Schaphoff, G. Feulner, and K. Thonicke, The long-term impact of transgressing planetary boundaries on biophysical atmosphere-land interactions, Earth System Dynamics 15, 467–483, doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-467-2024, 2024.

(J.128) F. Stenzel, J. Braun, J. Breier, K.-H. Erb, D. Gerten, J. Heinke, S. Matej, S. Ostberg, S. Schaphoff, and W. Lucht, biospheremetrics v1.0.2: An R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators: human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk), Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3235–3258, doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024, 2024.

(J.127) Werner, C.,
W. Lucht, C. Kammann, and J. Braun, Land-neutral negative emissions through biochar-based fertilization – global potentials driven by management and pyrolysis conditions, Mitig. Adapt. Strategies Global Change, 29, 34, doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10130-8, 2024.

(J.126) Rockström, J., L.J. Kotzé, S. Milutinović, F. Biermann, V. Brovkin, J.F. Donges, J. Ebbesson, D. French, J. Gupta, R.E. Kim, T.M. Lenton, D. Lenzi, N. Nakicenovic, B. Neumann, F. Schuppert, R. Winkelmann, K. Bosselmann, C. Folke,
W. Lucht, D. Schlosberg, K. Richardson, and W. Steffen, The Planetary Commons: A New Paradigm for Safeguarding Earth Regulating Systems in the Anthropocene, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. US, 121, e2301531121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301531121, 2024.

(R) L. Caesar, B. Sakschewski, L. Seaby Andersen, T. Beringer, J. Braun, D. Dennis, D. Gerten, A. Heilemann, J. Kaiser, N. H. Kitzmann, S. Loriani, W. Lucht, J. Ludescher, M. Martin, S. Mathesius, A. Paolucci, S. te Wierik, and J. Rockström, Planetary Health Check Report 2024, A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet, First Edition, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 97 pp., 2024.

(A) Alt SJ, J, A. van Baalen, M. König,
W. Lucht, and D. Weinspach, Höchste Zeit für zivilen Ungehorsam? Gepräch: Stimmen aus Gesellschaft und Hochschule. In: Jahn, K., S. Rentsch, and E.-M. Walther (eds.), Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag Nürnberg 2023. Dokumente. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh, 535 pp., 412-418, 2024.


Currently submitted/close to submission (not complete):

(J) Braun, J., C. Werner, D. Gerten, F. Stenzel, S. Schaphoff, and W. Lucht, Multiple planetary boundaries preclude BECCS outside of agricultural areas, revised (as of Nov., 2024).

(J) Gerten, D., J. Braun, J. Breier,
W. Lucht, A. Tobian, and F. Stenzel, A software package for assessing terrestrial planetary boundaries, submitted (as of June, 2024).

(J) Stenzel, F., L. Ben Uri, J. Braun, J. Breier, K. Erb, D. Gerten, S. Matej, R. Milo, H. Haberl, S. Ostberg, J. Rockström, N. Roux, S. Schaphoff, and
W. Lucht, Mapping the transgression of the functional biosphere integrity planetary boundary, submitted (as of Oct. 2024)


2023

(J.125) Richardson, K., W. Steffen, W. Lucht, J. Bendtsen, S.E. Cornell, J.F. Donges, M. Drüke, I. Fetzer, G. Bala, W. von Bloh, G. Feulner, S. Fiedler, D. Gerten, T. Gleeson, M. Hofmann, W. Huiskamp, M. Kummu, C. Mohan, D. Nogués-Bravo, S. Petri, M. Porkka, S. Rahmstorf, S. Schaphoff, K. Thonicke, A. Tobian, V. Virkki, L. Wang-Erlandsson, L. Weber, and J. Rockström, Earth beyond six of nine Planetary Boundaries, Science Advances 9, DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh24582023, 2023.

(J.124)  Drüke, M., B. Sakschewski, W. von Bloh, M. Billing,  W. Lucht, and K. Thonicke, Fire may prevent future Amazon forest recovery after large-scale deforestation, Nature Communications Earth & Environment, 4, 248, doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00911-5, 2023.

(B) Bues, A., and
W. Lucht, Anthropozän und Erdsystemkrise: Suffizienz als Leben und Wirtschaften innerhalb ökologischer Grenzen, in: M. Reese, W. Köck, and T. Markus (Eds.), Zukunftsfähiges Umweltrecht II: Suffizienz im Recht, Erfordernisse, Ansätze und Instrumente zur Begrenzung des gesamten Ressourcenverbrauchs, Leipziger Schriften zum Umwelt- und Planungsrecht, 45, Nomos-Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 164 pp., 65-86, 2023.



(A) Lucht, W., Damit Ihr das Leben in Fülle habt. Kirche sein im Anthropozän, Una Sancta, 78, 306-317, 2023.


2022

(J.123) Werner, C., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, and C. Kammann, Potential of Land-Neutral Negative Emissions Through Biochar Sequestration, Earth's Future, 10, e2021EF002583. doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002583, 2022.

(A)
W. Lucht, Das Wasser der Nachfolge (Kommentar der Woche), die Kirche, 35,1, 2022.


2021

(J.122) Donges, J.F., W. Lucht, J. Heitzig, W. Barfuss, S.E. Cornell, S.J. Lade, and M. Schlüter, Taxonomies for structuring models for World-Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene: subsystems, their interactions and social-ecological feedback loops, Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1115–1137, doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1115-2021, 2021.

(J.121)
Stenzel, F., P. Greve, W, Lucht, S. Tramberend, Y. Wada, and D. Gerten, Irrigation of biomass plantations may globally increase water stress more than climate change, Nature Communications, 12, 1512, 2021.

(O) Reiner, D.M., I. Hannula, T. Koljonen, M. Allen,
W. LuchtG. Guillén-Gosálbez, and N. Mac Dowel, Europe’s ‘green deal’ and carbon dioxide removal, Nature (correspondence), 589, 19, 2021.


2020

(J.120) Otto, l.M., J.F. Donges, W. Lucht, and H.J. Schellnhuber, Social tipping dynamics in a world constrained by conflicting interests (Reply to Smith et al., PNAS, 2020), Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA, doi:10.1073/pnas.2002648117, 2020.

(J.119) Donges, J.F., J. Heitzig, W. Barfuss, J. Kassel, T. Kittel, J.J. Kolb, T. Kolster, F. Müller-Hansen, I.M. Otto, M. Wiedermann, K.B. Zimmerer, and W. Lucht, Earth system modelling with complex dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE World-Earth modeling framework, Earth System Dynamics, 11, 395–413, 2020.

(J.118) Otto, l.M., J.F. Donges, R. Cremades,
A. Bhowmik, R. Hewitt, W. Lucht, J. Rockström, F. Allerberger, M. McCaffrey, S.S.P. Doe, A. Lenferna, N. Moran,  D.P. van Vuuren, and H.J. Schellnhuber, Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA, doi:10.1073/pnas.1900577117, 2020.

(J.117) Gerten, D., V. Heck, J. Jägermeyr, B.L. Bodirsky, I. Fetzer, M. Jalava, M. Kummu, W. Lucht, J. Rockström, S. Schaphoff, and H.J. Schellnhuber, Feeding ten billion people is possible within four terrestrial planetary boundaries, Nature Sustainability, doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0465-1, 2020.

(J.116) Otto, l.M., M. Wiedermann, R. Cremades, J.F. Donges, C. Auer, and W. Lucht, Human agency in the Anthropocene, Ecological Economics, 167, 106463, 2020.

(P) Kemfert, C., G. Jaschke, J. Michaelis, A. Franke, A. Bues,
and W. Lucht, Paris-kompatible Klimagovernance: Flexibilität zwischen Sektoren und nicht-lineare Reduktionspfade, Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen, 70 (9), 15-19, 2020.


2019

(J.115)  Hagedorn, G., T. Loew, S.I. Seneviratne, W. Lucht, M.-L. Beck, J. Hesse, R. Knutti, V. Quaschning, J.-H. Schleimer, L. Mattauch, C. Breyer, H. Hübener, G. Kirchengast, A. Chodura, J. Clausen, F. Creutzig, M. Darbi, C.-H. Daub, F. Ekardt, M. Göpel, J. N. Hardt, J. Hertin, T. Hickler, A. Köhncke, S. Köster, J. Krohmer, H. Kromp-Kolb, R. Leinfelder, L. Mederake, M. Neuhaus, S. Rahmstorf, C. Schmidt, C. Schneider, G. Schneider, R. Seppelt, U. Spindler, M. Springmann, K. Staab, T. Stocker, K. Steininger, E. von Hirschhausen, S. Winter, M. Wittau, J. Zens, The concerns of the young protesters are justified. A statement by Scientists for Future concerning the protests for more climate protection, GAIA 28/2, 79-87, 2019.

(J.114)
Heinke, J., C. Müller, M. Lannerstad, D. Gerten, and
W. Lucht, Freshwater resources under success and failure of the Paris climate agreement, Earth System Dynamics, 10, 205–217, 2019.
 
(J.113) Schmidt, H.-P., A. Anca-Couce, N. Hagemann, C. Werner, D. Gerten, W. Lucht, and C.Ka
mmann, Pyrogenic Carbon Capture and Storage, Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 11:573-591, 2019.

(J.112) Otto, I.M.,
K.M. Kim, N. Dubrovksy, and W. Lucht, Shift the focus from the super-poor to the super-rich, Nature Climate Change, 9, 82.87, 2019.


2018

(J.111) Searchinger, T., T. Beringer, B. Holtsmark, D.M. Kammen, E. Lambin, W. Lucht, P. Raven, and J.-P. van Ypersele, Europe's renewable energy directive to harm global forests, Nature Communications, 9:3741, 2018.

(J.110) Jans, Y., G. Berndes, J. Heinke, W. Lucht, and D. Gerten, Biomass production in plantations: Land constraints increase dependency on irrigation water, Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 10, 628-644, 2018.

(J.109)
Werner, C., H.-P. Schmidt, D. Gerten, W. Lucht, and C Kammann, Biophysical potential of biomass pyrolysis systems for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, Environmental Research Letters, 13, 044036, 2018.

(J.108)
Schaphoff, S., W. von Bloh, A. Rammig, K. Thonicke, H. Biemans, M. Forkel, D. Gerten, J. Heinke, J. Jägermeyr, J. Knauer, F. Langerwisch, W. Lucht, C. Müller, S. Rolinski, and K. Waha, LPJmL4 - A dynamic global vegetation model with managed land
Part I: Model description, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1343-1375, 2018.
 

(J.107)
Schaphoff, S., M. Forkel, C. Müller, J. Knauer, W. von. Bloh, D. Gerten, J. Jägermeyr, W. Lucht, A. Rammig, K. Thonicke, and K. Waha, LPJmL4 - A dynamic global vegetation model with managed land
Part 2: Model evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1377–1403, 2018.

(J.106) Heck, V., D. Gerten, and
W. Lucht, and A. Popp, Biomass-based negative emissions difficult to reconcile with planetary boundaries, Nature Climate Change,8, doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0064-y, 2018.

(J.105)
Ostberg, S., L.R. Boysen, S. Schaphoff, W. Lucht, and D. Gerten, The biosphere under potential Paris outcomes, Earth's Future, 5. doi: 10.1002/2017EF000628b, 2018.

(B) 
Lucht, W.,Verwüstung oder Sicherheit: Die Erde im Anthropozän, in: Bertelmann, B., und K. Heidel (eds.), Leben im Anthropozän, Christliche Perspektiven für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit, oekom Verlag, München, 2018.

(B)  Lucht, W.,Das Wasser der Nachfolge: ein Manifest, in: Bertelmann, B., und K. Heidel (eds.), Leben im Anthropozän, Christliche Perspektiven für eine Kultur der Nachhaltigkeit, oekom Verlag, München, 2018.

(A)
Lucht, W., Seeking the Anthropocene, Nature, 558, 26-27, 2018.

(A)
Lucht, W., Das Wasser der Nachfolge, Ev. Kirchengemeinden Neu-Westend und Frieden, Berlin, Kirche bei uns, 6-7/2018, 5, 2018.

 

2017

(J.104) Pradhan, P., L. Costa, D. Rybski, W. Lucht, and J. Kropp, A systematic study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) interactions, Earth's Future, doi: 10.1002/2017EF000632, 2017.

(J.103)
Donges, J.F., R. Winkelmann, W. Lucht, S.E. Cornell, J,G. Dyke, J. Rockström, J. Heitzig, and H.J.Schellnhuber, Closing the loop: reconnecting human dynamics to Earth system science, The Anthropocene Review, Vol. 4, 151–157, 2017.

(J.102) Boysen, L.R.,
W. Lucht, and D. Gerten, Trade-offs for food production, ecosystems and climate limit the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential, Global Change Biology, 23, 4303–4317, 2017.

(J.101) Boysen, L.R., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, V. Heck, T.M. Lenton, and H.J. Schellnhuber, The limits to global-warming mitigation by terrestrial carbon removal, Earth's Future, 5, 463–474, 2017.

(J.100) Donges, J.F., W. Lucht, F. Müller-Hansen, and W. Steffen, The technosphere in Earth system analysis: a coevolutionary perspective, Anthropocene Review, 4, 23-33, 2017.

(J.99) Barfuss, W., J. F. Donges, M. Wiedermann, and W. Lucht, Sustainable use of renewable resources in a stylized social-ecological network model under heterogeneous resource distribution, Earth System Dynamics, 8, 255-264, 2017.


2016

(J.98) Heck, V., J. F. Donges, and W. Lucht, Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate engineering by terrestrial carbon dioxide removal, Earth System Dynamics, 7, 783-796, 2016.

(J.97) Rockström, J., H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Hoskins, V. Ramanthan, P. Schlosser, G. Brasseur, O. Gaffney, C. Nobre, M. Meinshausen, J. Rogelj, and
W. Lucht, The world's biggest gamble, Earth's Future, 4, 465–470, 2016.

(J.96)
Boysen, L.R., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, and V. Heck, Impacts devalue the potential of large-scale terrestrial CO2 removal through biomass plantations, Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 2016.

(J.95) Müller, C., E. Stehfest, J.G. van Minnen, B. Strengers, W. von Bloh, A.H.W. Beusen, S. Schaphoff, T. Kram, and  W. Lucht , Drivers and patterns of land biosphere carbon balance reversal, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 044002, 2016.

(J.94) Heck, V., D. Gerten, W. Lucht, and L. Boysen, Is extensive terrestrial carbon dioxide removal a 'green' form of geoengineering? A global modelling study, Global and Planetary Change, 137, 123-130, 2016.

(J.93)
Jägermeyr, J., D. Gerten, S. Schaphoff, J. Heinke, W. Lucht, and J. Rockström, Integrated crop water management might sustainably halve the global food gap, Environ. Res. Lett. 11, 025002, 2016.

(A) Lucht, W., Vertagen und Wegsehen gehen zu Ende: Zum Vertrag von Paris und zur Rolle der Kirchen, in: Nachrichten der Evangelischen Landeskirche Bayern, 1/16, 4-6, 2016.

(B) Lucht, W.Kassandra ist machtlos, Im Gespräch mit Wolfgang Lucht und Andri Snær Magnason, in: Witzgall, S. et al., (eds.), Die Gegenwart der Zukunft, Diaphanes, Zürich, Berlin, 240 pp., 2016.

(B) Lucht, W., Welchen Ort hat die Menschheit in den Ordnungen der Welt? Ethische und philosophische Überlegungen zum Thema Anthropozän, in: Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, Topical Volume "Anthropozän", 2016


2015

(J.92) Ostberg, S., S. Schaphoff, W. Lucht, and D. Gerten, Three centuries of dual pressure from land use and climate change on the biosphere, Environmental Research Letters, 10, 044011, 2015.

(J.91)
Wiedermann, M., J.F. Donges, J. Heitzig, W. Lucht, and J. Kurths, Macroscopic description of complex adaptive networks co-evolving with dynamic node states, Physical Review  E,  91, 052801, 2015.

(J.90) Nishina, K., A. Ito, P. Falloon, A. D. Friend, D. J. Beerling, P. Ciais, D. B. Clark, R. Kahana, E. Kato, W. Lucht, M. Lomas, R. Pavlick, S. Schaphoff, L. Warszawaski  and T. Yokohata, Decomposing uncertainties in the future terrestrial carbon budget associated with emission scenarios, climate projections, and ecosystem simulations using the ISI-MIP result, Earth System Dynamics, 6, 435-445, 2015.

(J.89) Jägermeyr, J., D. Gerten, J. Heinke, S. Schaphoff, M. Kummu, and W. Lucht, Water savings potentials of irrigation systems: global simulations of processes and linkages, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3073–3091, 2015.

(J.88) Reyer, C., N. Brouwers, A. Rammig, B. Brook, J. Epila, R.F. Grant, M. Holmgren, F. Langerwisch, S. Leuzinger, W. Lucht, B. Medlyn, M. Pfeiffer, J. Steinkamp, M., Vanderwel, H. Verbeeck, and D. Villela. Forest resilience and tipping points at different spatio-temporal scales: approaches and challenges, Journal of Ecology, 103,515, 2015.


2014

(J.87) Friend, A.D., W. LuchtT.T. Rademacher, R.M. Keribin, R. Betts, P. Cadule, P. Ciais, D.B. Clark, R. Dankers, P. Falloon, A. Ito, R. Kahana, A. Kleidon, M.R. Lomas, K. Nishina, S. Ostberg, R. Pavlick, P. Peylin, S. Schaphoff, N. Vuichard, L. Warszawski, A. Wiltshire, and F.I. Woodward, Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO2, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3280–3285, 2014.

(J.86) Nishina,K., A. Ito, D.J. Beerling, P. Cadule, P. Ciais, D.B. Clark, P. Falloon, A.D. Friend, R. Kahana, E. Kato, R. Keribin, W. LuchtM. Lomas, T.T. Rademacher, R. Pavlick, S. Schaphoff, N. Vuichard, L. Warszawaski, and T. Yokohata, Global soil organic carbon stock projection uncertainties relevant to sensitivity of global mean temperature and precipitation changes, Earth System Dynamics, 5, 197-209, 2014.
 
(J.85) Acosta, L.A., E.A. Eugenio, N.H. Enano, D.B. Magcale-Macandog, B. Vega, P.B.M. Macandog, M.A. Lopez, A. Salvacion and W. Lucht, Sustainability trade-offs in bioenergy development in the Philippines: An application of conjoint analysis, Biomass and Bioenergy, 64, 20–41, 2014.

(J.84) Jägermeyr, J., Gerten, D.,
W. Lucht, P. Hostert, M. Migliavacca, and R. Nemani, A high resolution approach to estimating ecosystem respiration at continental scales using operational satellite data, Global Change Biology, 20, 1191–1210, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12443, 2014.

(J.83) Huber, V., H. J. Schellnhuber, N. W. Arnell, K. Frieler, A.D. Friend, D. Gerten, I. Haddeland, P. Kabat, H. Lotze-Campen, W. Lucht, M. Parry, F. Piontek, C. Rosenzweig, J. Schewe, and L. Warszawski, Climate Impacts Research: Beyond Patchwork, Earth System Dynamics, 5, 399-408, 2014.

(J.82) Rockström, J., G. Brasseur, B. Hoskins, W. Lucht, H.J. Schellnhuber, P. Kabat, N. Nakicenovic, P. Gong, P. Schlosser, M. Máñez Costa, A. Humble, N. Eyre, P. Gleick, R. James, A. Lucena, O. Masera, M. Moench, R. Schaeffer, S. Seitzinger, S. van der Leeuw, B. Ward, N. Stern, J. Hurrell, L. Srivastava, J. Morgan, C. Nobre, Y. Sokona, R. Cremades, E. Roth, D. Liverman, and J. Arnott, Climate change: The necessary, the possible and the desirable, Earth's Future,  2, 606–611, 2014.


2013


(J.81) Schaphoff, S., U. Heyder, S. Ostberg, D Gerten, J. Heinke, and W. Lucht, Contribution of permafrost soils to the global carbon budget, Environm. Res. Lett., 8, 014026,doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014026, 2013.

(J.80) Fader, M., D. Gerten, M. Krause, W. Lucht, and W. Cramer, Spatial decoupling of agricultural production and consumption: Quantifying dependence of countries on food imports due to domestic land and water constraints, Environm. Res. Lett. 8, 014046, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014046, 2013.

(J.79) Acosta, L.A., N.H. Enano, Jr., D.B. Magcale-Macandog, K..G. Engay, M.N.Q. Herrera, O.B.S. Nicopior, M.I.V. Sumilang, J.M.A. Eugenio, and W. LuchtHow sustainable is bioenergy production in the Philippines? A conjoint analysis of knowledge and opinions of people with different typologies, Applied Energy 102, 241-253, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.063, 2013.

(J.78) Heinke, J., S. Ostberg, S. Schaphoff, K. Frieler, C. Müller, D. Gerten, M. Meinshausen, and W. Lucht, A new dataset for systematic assessments of climate change impacts as a function of global warming, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1689-1703, 2013.

(J.77) Gerten, D., W. Lucht, S. Ostberg, J. Heinke, M. Kowarsch, H. Krefft, Z.W. Kundzewicz, J. Rastgooy, R. Warren,  and H.-J. Schellnhuber, Asynchronous exposure to global warming: freshwater resources and terrestrial ecosystems, Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 034032, 2013.

(J.76) Ostberg, S., W. Lucht, S. Schaphoff, and D. Gerten, Critical impacts of global warming on land ecosystems, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 347-357, 2013.

(J.75) Warszawski, L., A. Friend, S. Ostberg, K. Frieler, W. LuchtS. Schaphoff, D. Beerling, P. Cadule, P. Ciais, D.B. Clark, R. Kahana, A. Ito, R. Keribin, A. Kleidon, M. Lomas, K. Nishina, R. Pavlick, T.T. Rademacher, F. Piontek, J. Schewe, O. Serdeczny, M. Buechner, and H.J. Schellnhuber, A multi-model analysis of risk of ecosystem shift under climate change, Environ. Research Lett., 8, 044018, 2013.

(B) Acosta, L.A., D.B. Magcale-Macandog, W. Lucht, K.G. Engay, M.N.Q. Herrera, O.B.S. Nicopior, M.I.V. Sumilang, J.M.A. Eugenio and N.H. Enano Jr., Trade-off decisions for sustainable development of bioenergy in the Philippines, In: Acquaye, A. (Ed.), Feedstocks: production practices, technologies and environmental impacts, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, 263 pp., 2013.


2012

(J.74)  Reyer, C., J. Bachinger, R. Bloch, F.F. Hattermann, P.L. Ibisch, S. Kreft, P. Lasch, W. LuchtR. Mauersberger, C. Nowicki, P. Spathelf, M. Stock, and M. Welp, Climate change adaptation and sustainable regional development: A case study for the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, Regional Environmental Change 12, 523-542, doi: 10.1007/s10113-011-0269-y, 2012.

(B) Lucht, W., Nachwort, in: Radtke, O., "Wir sind auf einem Grossen Klärungskurs. Überbevölkerung als Globales Menschheitsproblem", Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, ISBN 978-3-8482-0024-5, 168 pp., 138-144, 2012.

(B)
Beringer, T., and W. Lucht, Bioenergy and biospheric carbon, in: Recarbonization of the Biosphere - Ecosystems and the Global Carbon Cycle, Lal. R., K. Lorenz, R.F. Hüttl, B.U. Schneider, and J. von Braun, Springer Netherlands, 559 pp., 481-491, 2012.


2011

(J.73) Heyder, U., S. Schaphoff, D. Gerten, and W. Lucht, Risk of severe climate change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, Env. Res. Lett., 6, 034036, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034036, 2011.

(J.72) Beringer, T., W. Lucht, and S. Schaphoff, Bioenergy production potential of global biomass plantations under environmental and agricultural constraints,Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 3,  299-312, 2011.

(J.71) 
Acosta-Michlik, A., W. Lucht, A. Bondeau, and T. Beringer, Integrated assessment of sustainability trade-offs and pathways for global bioenergy production: Framing a novel hybrid approach, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 2791-2809, 2011.

(J.70) Quegan, S., C. Beer, A. Shvidenko, I McCallum, I. Handoh, P. Peylin, C. Rodenbeck, W. Lucht, S. Nilsson, and C. Schmullius, Estimating the carbon balance of central Siberia using a landscape-ecosystem approach, atmospheric inversion and dynamic global vegetation models, Global Change Biology 17, 351–365, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02275.x, 2011

(J.69) Fader, M., D. Gerten, M. Thammer, J. Heinke, H. Lotze-Campen, W. Lucht, and W. Cramer, Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations and related water and land savings, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15, 1641–1660, doi:10.5194/hess-15-1641-2011, 2011.

(A) Lucht, W.,  Earth systems: Shaped by life, Nature, 470, 460-461, doi:10.1038/470460a, 2011.

(A) Lucht, W., Virunga, the survival of Africa's first National Park, (book mini review), Nature, 475, 33, 2011.

(B) Chum, H., A. Faaij, J. Moreira, G. Berndes, P. Dhamija, H. Dong, B. Gabrielle, A. Goss Eng, W. Lucht, M. Mapako, O. Masera Cerutti, T. McIntyre, T. Minowa, and K. Pingoud, Bioenergy, in: IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs‐Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, and C. von Stechow (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2011.

(B) Lucht, W., Global change and the need for new cosmologies, in: Religion in Environmental and Climate Change”, Continuum International Publishing Group, London, ISBN: 9781441169297, pp. 16-31, 2011.

(B) Gerten
, D., W. Lucht, and Z. Kundzewicz, Detection and attribution of changes in water resources, in: "Changes in flood risk in Europe”, IAHS Press, Oxfordshire, UK, to be published (late 2011)


2010

(J.68) Von Bloh, W.,  S. Rost, D. Gerten, and W. Lucht, Efficient parallelization of a dynamical global vegetation model with river routing, Environmental Modelling and Software 25, 685-690, 2010.

(J.67) Jupp, T.E., P.M. Cox, A. Rammig, K. Thonicke, W. Lucht, and W. Cramer, Development of probability density functions for future Amazonian rainfall, New Phytologist 187, 682–693,
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03368.x, 2010.

(J.66) Rammig, A., T. Jupp, K. Thonicke, B. Tietjen, J. Heinke, S. Ostberg, W. Lucht, W. Cramer, and P. Cox, Estimating the risk of Amazonian forest dieback, New Phytologist 187, 694–706
doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03318.x, 2010.


(J.65) Lotze-Campen, H., A. Popp, T. Beringer, C. Müller, A. Bondeau, S. Rost, and W. Lucht, Scenarios of global bioenergy production: The trade-offs between agricultural expansion, intensification and trade, Ecological Modelling 221, 2188-2196, doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.002, 2010.

(B) Lucht, W., Earth system analysis and taking a crude look at the whole,  in: Schellnhuber, H.J., M. Molina, N. Stern, V. Huber,  and S. Kadner (Eds.), Global Sustainability, A Nobel Cause, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 392 pp., 2010

(B) Rockström, J., K. Vohland, W. Lucht, H. Lotze-Campen, E.U. von Weizsäcker, and T. Banuri, Making progress within and beyond borders, in: Schellnhuber, H.J., M. Molina, N. Stern, V. Huber,  and S. Kadner (Eds.), Global Sustainability, A Nobel Cause, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 392 pp., 2010


2009

(J.64) Erb, K-H., F. Krausmann, W. Lucht, and H. Haberl, Embodied HANPP: Mapping the spatial disconnect between global biomass production and consumption, Ecological Economics 69, 328-334, 2009.

(J.63) Rost, S., D. Gerten, H. Hoff, W. Lucht, M. Falkenmark, and J. Rockström, Global potential to increase crop production through water management in rainfed agriculture, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 044002 (9pp), doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/044002, 2009.

(B)  Lucht, W., Air, a Planetary Hybrid, book chapter in: Elements - Continents, Approaches to Determinants of Environmental History and their Reifications, Hermann, B., and C. Dahlke (Eds.), Nova Acta Leopoldina 98/360, Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften, Halle (Saale), 304 pp., 45-62, 2009.

(B)
Lucht, W., In welcher Welt werden wir leben?, book chapter in: Struggle for Life. Artenwandel & Artensterben im Anthropozän, Adler, S., and R. Schmitt. (Eds.), ERES Stiftung, Reihe Kunst + Wissenschaft, Kehrer Verlag, Heidelberg, 122 pp., 84-99, 2009.

(P) Nocke, T., U. Heyder, S. Petri, K. Vohland, M. Wrobel, and W. Lucht, Visualization of biosphere changes in the context of climate change, in: V.
Wohlgemuth (Ed.), Information Technology and Climate Change, 2nd International Conference IT for empowerment (ITCC'08), Trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin, Germany, 2009.


2008

(J.62) Gerten, D., S. Rost, W. von Bloh, and W. Lucht, Causes of change in 20th century global river discharge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20405, doi:10.1029/2008GL035258, 2008.

(J.61) Lotze-Campen, H., C. Mueller, A. Bondeau, S. Rost, A. Popp, and W. Lucht, Global food demand, productivity growth and the scarcity of land and water resources: a spatially explicit mathematical programming approach. Agricultural Economics, 39, 325-338, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00336.x, 2008.

(J.60) Rost, S., D. Gerten, A. Bondeau, W. Lucht, J. Rohwer, and S. Schaphoff, Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system, Water Resour. Res., 44, W09405, doi:10.1029/2007WR006331, 2008.

(J.59) Lenton, T.M., H. Held, E. Kriegler, J.W. Hall, W. Lucht, S. Rahmstorf, and H.-J. Schellnhuber, Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 1786-1793, 2008.

(B) Lucht, W., Erdsystemanalyse: Wege zwischen Klimaschutz und Anpassung, In: Lozán, J.L., H. Graßl, G. Jendritzky, L. Karbe, and K. Reise (Eds.), Warnsignal Klima: Gesundheitsrisiken – Gefahren für Menschen, Tiere und Pflanzen. GEO/Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen, 312-316, 2008.


2007

(J.58) Haberl, H., K.-H. Erb, F. Krausmann, V. Gaube, A. Bondeau, C. Plutzar, S. Gingrich, W. Lucht, and M. Fischer-Kowalski, Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 104, 12942-12947, 2007.

(J.57) Müller, C., B. Eickhout, S. Zaehle, A. Bondeau, W. Cramer, and W. Lucht, Effects of changes in CO2, climate, and land use on the carbon balance of the land biosphere during the 21st century, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeochem., 112, G02032, doi:10.1029/2006JG000388, 2007.

(J.56) Müller, C., and W. Lucht, Robustness of terrestrial carbon and water cycle simulations against variations in spatial resolution, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, D06105, doi:10.1029/2006JD007875, 2007.

(J.55) Bondeau, A.,  P. Smith, S. Zaehle, S. Schaphoff, W. Lucht, W. Cramer, D. Gerten, H. Lotze-Campen, C. Müller, M. Reichstein, and B. Smith, Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance, Global Change Biol., 13, 1–28, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01305.x, 2007

(J.54) Beer,C., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, K. Thonicke, and C. Schmullius, Effects of soil freezing and thawing on vegetation carbon density in Siberia: A modeling analysis with the Lund-Potsdam-Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ-DGVM), Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB1012, doi:10.1029/2006GB002760, 2007. 

(J.53) Gerten, D., S. Schaphoff, and W. Lucht, Potential future changes in water limitations of the terrestrial biosphere, Climatic Change, doi 10.1007/s10584-006-9104-8, 2007.

(B) Fischlin, A., G.F. Midgley, J.T. Price, R. Leemans, B. Gopal, C. Turley, M.D.A. Rounsevell, O.P. Dube, J. Tarazona, A.A. Velichko, J. Atlhopheng, M. Beniston, W.J. Bond, K. Brander, H. Bugmann, T.V. Callaghan, J. de Chazal, O. Dikinya, A. Guisan, D. Gyalistras, L. Hughes, B.S. Kgope, C. Körner, W. Lucht, N.J. Lunn, R.P. Neilson, M. Pêcheux, W. Thuiller, and R. Warren, Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services. In: Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.

(R) Rohwer, J., D. Gerten, and 
W. Lucht (2007), Development of functional types of irrigation for improved global crop modelling, PIK Report 104, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, 2007.


2006

(J.52)
Lucht, W.S. Schaphoff, T. Erbrecht, U. Heyder, and W. Cramer, Terrestrial vegetation redistirbution and carbon balance under climate change, Carbon Balance and Management, 1, 6, doi:10.1186/1750-0680-1-6, 2006.

(J.51)  Lucht, W.,, Earth System Analysis and the Future of the Biosphere, J. Phys. IV, 139, 147-159, 2006.

(J.50) Lucht, W., and H.-J. Schellnhuber, Das Spiel mit der Göttin, die Gaia-Hypothese von James Lovelock, Polit. Ökologie 100, 32-34, 2006.

(J.49) Erbrecht, T., and W. Lucht, Impacts of large-scale climatic disturbances on the terrestrial carbon cycle, Carbon Balance and Management, 1, 7 doi:10.1186/1750-0680-1-7, 2006.

(J.48) Müller, C., A. Bondeau, H. Lotze-Campen, W. Cramer, and W. LuchtComparative impact of climatic and non-climatic factors on global terrestrial carbon and water cycles, Global Biocgeochemical Cycles, 20, GB4015, doi:10.1029/2006GB002742, 2006.

(J.47) Beer, C., W. Lucht, C. Schmullius, and A. Shvidenko, Small net carbon dioxide uptake by Russian forests during 1981-1999, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15403, doi:10.1029/2006GL026919, 2006.

(J.46) Schaphoff, S., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, S. Sitch, W. Cramer, and I.C. Prentice, Terrestrial biosphere carbon storage under alternative climate projections, Climatic Change, 74, 97-122, DOI: 10.1007/s10584-005-9002-5, 2006.

(B) Lotze-Campen, H., C. Müller, A. Bondeau, P. Smith, and W. Lucht, Rising food demand, climate change and the use of land and water, in: Brouwer, F., and B.A. McCarl (eds.): Agriculture and Climate Beyond 2015 - A new perspective on future land use patterns, Chapter 7, Springer, Dordrecht, 109-129, 2006.

(B) Prentice, I.C., A. Bondeau, W. Cramer, S. P. Harrison, T. Hickler, W. Lucht, S.  Sitch, B. Smith, and M. T. Sykes, Dynamic global vegetation modelling: quantifying terrestrial ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change, in: Canadell, J., D. E. Pataki and L. F, Pitelka (eds.), Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World, The IGBP Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006.

(P) Lucht, W., Der Norden ergrünt im Computer, in: "Die Erde im Treibhaus", Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 3/2006, 68-70, 2006.


2005


(J.45) Gerten, D., W. Lucht, S. Schaphoff, W. Cramer, T. Hickler, and W. Wagner, Hydrologic resilience of the terrestrial biosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21408, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024247, 2005. 

(J.44) McCloy, K. R., S. Los, W. Lucht, and S. Højsgaard, A comparative analysis of three long-term NDVI datasets derived from AVHRR satellite data, European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories eProceedings, 4(1), 52 - 69, 2005.

(J.43) Gerten, D., H. Hoff, A. Bondeau, W. Lucht, P. Smith, and S. Zaehle, Contemporary "green" water limitation: simulations with a dynamic global vegetation and water balance model, Phys. Chem. of the Earth, 30, 334-338, 2005.

(J.42) Gao, F., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, A. Roesch, W. Lucht, and R. Dickinson, MODIS bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo Climate Modeling Grid products and the variability of albedo for major global vegetation types, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005190, 2005.

(J.41) Lotze-Campen, H., C. Müller, A. Bondeau, P. Smith, and W. Lucht, How tight are the limits to land and water use? Combined impacts of food demand and climate change, Adv. Geosci.4, 23-28, 2005.

(J.40) Hese, S., W. Lucht, C. Schmullius, M. Bransley, R. Dubayah, D. Knorr, K. Neumann, T. Riedel, and K. Schröter, Global biomass mapping for an improved understanding of the CO2 balance -  the Earth observation mission CARBON-3D, Remote Sens. Environ., 94, 94-105, 2005.

(B) Cramer W., A. Bondeau, S. Schaphoff S, W. Lucht, B. Smith, and S. Sitch, Twenty-first century atmospheric change and deforestation: potential impacts on tropical forests, in: Malhi, Y. and O.L. Phillips (eds.), Tropical Forests and Global Atmospheric Change, chapter 2, Oxford University Press, 17-30, 2005.

(P) Burkhardt, U., M. Ponater, W. Lucht, and R. Sausen, Climate Variability and predictability, in: Research for the Environment, German Climate Research Programme (2001-2006), Final Symposium, DLR, Bonn, 165-166, 2005.

(P) McCloy, K., and W. Lucht, The use of temporal datasets of remotely sensed images in verifying environmental models, in: Oluic, M. (ed.), New Strategies for European Remote Sensing. Millpress, Rotterdam ISBN 90-5966-003-x, pp. 167-174, 2005.

(P) Lucht, W., D. Gerten, S. Schaphoff, T. Rixecker, and B. Schröder, CVECA (Climate, vegetation and carbon: Biospheric cycles in the earth system, in: Research for the Environment, German Climate Research Programme (2001-2006), Final Symposium 2005, DLR, Bonn, 224-27, 2005.


2004

(J.39) C. Schmullius, S. Hese, W. Lucht, Carbon-3D - An international earth observation mission for global biomass mapping for an improved understanding of the CO2 balance, Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation, 2004/5, 413-422, 2004.

(J.38) Badeck, F.-W., A. Bondeau, K. Böttcher, D. Doktor, W. Lucht, J. Schaber, and S. Sitch, Responses of spring phenology to climate change, New Phytologist, 162, 295-309, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01059.x, 2004.

(J.37) Cramer, W., A. Bondeau, S. Schaphoff, W. Lucht, B. Smith, and S. Sitch, Tropical forests and the global carbon cycle: Impacts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate change and rate of deforestation, Phil. Trans. Royal. Soc. Lond. B, 359, 331-343, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1428, 2004.

(J.36) Gerten. D., S. Schaphoff, U. Haberlandt, W. Lucht and S. Sitch, Terrestrial Vegetation and large-scale water balance. Hydrological evaluation of a dynamic global vegetation model, J. Hydrol., 286, 249-270, 2004.

(J.35) McCloy, K. R., and W. Lucht, Comparative evaluation of seasonal patterns in long time series of satellite data and simulations of a global vegetation models, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 140-153, 2004.

(B) Lucht, W., and R. K. Pachauri, The mental component of the Earth system, in: H.J. Schellnhuber, P.J. Crutzen, W.C. Clark, M. Claussen, and H. Held (eds.), Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 454 pp., 341-365, 2004. (pdf-file) (find a review of this book and paper by Tyler Volk published in BioScience here)

(B) Kinzig, A.P., W.C. Clark, O. Edenhofer, G.C. Gallopin, W. Lucht, R.B. Mitchell, P. Romero Lankao, S. Sreekesh, C, Tickell, and O.R. Young, Group Report: Sustainability, in: H.J. Schellnhuber, P.J. Crutzem, W.C. Clark, M. Claussen, and H. Held (eds.), Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 454 pp., 409-434, 2004.

(B) Gerten, D., A. Bondeau, H. Hoff, W. Lucht, S. Schaphoff, and P. Smith,  Assessment of 'green' water fluxes with a dynamic global vegetation model, in: Hydrology: Science and Practice for the 21st Century, Vol. I, Webb, B., N. Arnell, C. Onof, N. MacIntyre, N., R. Gurney, and C. Kirby (Eds.), British Hydrological Society, 29-35, 2004.

(B) Lucht, W., Viewing the earth from different angles: Global change and the science of multiangular reflectance, in: Reflection Properties of Vegetation and Soil, M. von Schönermark, B. Geiger, and H.-P. Röser (Eds.), Wissenschaft & Technik Verlag, Berlin, 352 pp.,  9-29, 2004.

(B) Roujean, J.-L., C. B. Schaaf and W. Lucht, Parametric BRDF models for albedo calculation, in: Reflection Properties of Vegetation and Soil, M. von Schönermark, B. Geiger, and H.-P. Röser (Eds.), Wissenschaft & Technik Verlag, Berlin, 352 pp., 105-120, 2004.

(R) Lindner, M., W. Lucht, O. Bouriaud, T. Green, I.A. Janssens, R. Brumme, K. Butterbach-Bahl, J. Grace, A. Lehtonen, S. Lettens, J. Liski, M. Mencuccini, R. Milne, G.-J. Nabuurs, M. Olsson, K. Schadauer, K. Troeltzsch, N.V. Camp, W.d. Vries, M. Williams and S. Zaehle. Specific Study on Forest Greenhouse Gas Budget. University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, CarboEurope GHG Report SS1, 62 pp., 2004.  

(P) Haberl, H., K.-H. Erb, F. Krausmann, and W. Lucht, Defining the human appropriation of net primary production, IGBP/IHDP Land Use and Land Cover Change Newsletter, 10, 16-17, 2004.

(P) Hese, S., C. Schmullius, R. Dubayah, W. Lucht, M. Barnsley, The earth observation mission carbon-3D - A synergetic multisensor approach to global biomass mapping for an improved understanding of the CO2 balance, Proc. ISPRS Working Group VIII/2, NATSCAN Conf. Freiburg, Germany, 3-6 October 2004.


2003

(J.34) Wagner, W., K. Scipal, C. Pathe, D. Gerten, W. Lucht, and B. Rudolf, Evaluation of the agreement between the first global remotely sensed soil moisture data with model and precipitation data, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4611,  doi:10.1029/2003JD003663, 2003.

(J.33) Buermann, W., B. Anderson, C.J. Tucker, R.E. Dickinson, W. Lucht, C.S. Potter, and R.B. Myneni, Interannual covariability in Northern Hemisphere air temperatures and greenness associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4396, doi:10.1029/2002JD002630, 2003.

(J.32) Jin, Y., C. B. Schaaf, F. Gao, X. Li, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht,  and S. Liang, Consistency of MODIS surface birdirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals, 1., Algorithm performance,  J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4158, 10.1029/2002JD002803, 2003.

(J.31) Jin, Y., C. B. Schaaf, C. E. Woodcock, F. Gao, X. Li, A. H. Strahler, W. Lucht,  and S. Liang, Consistency of MODIS surface birdirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals, 2., Validation,  J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4159, 10.1029/2002JD002804, 2003.

(J.30) Sitch, S., B. Smith, I.C. Prentice, A. Arneth, A. Bondeau, W. Cramer, J.O. Kaplan, S. Levis, 
W. Lucht, M.T. Sykes, K. Thonicke, and S. Venevsky, Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, Global Change Biology, 9, 161-185, 2003.

(P) Gao, F., C. Schaaf, Y. Jin, W. Lucht, and A. Strahler, Deriving albedo from coupled MERIS and MODIS surface products, Proc. MERIS Workshop Dec 2003, Frascati, Italy, ESA-SP 549, 16 pp., 2003.

(P) Lucht, W., D. Gerten, S. Schaphoff, T. Rixecker, and B. Schröder, Climate, vegetation and carbon (CVECA): Biospheric cycles in the earth system, in: Research for the Environment, German Climate Research Programme (2001-2006), Status Seminar 2003, DLR, Bonn, 453-457, 2003.

(P) Fichter, C., W. Lucht, and R. Sausen, Climate variability and predictability, in: Research for the Environment, German Climate Research Programme (2001-2006), Status Seminar 2003, DLR, Bonn, 337-338, 2003.

(P) Schröter, D., S. Zaehle, S. Schaphoff, W. Lucht, and W. Cramer, Modelling global change effects on vegetation and exploring our vulnerability, in: R. E. Green, M. Harley, L. Miles, J. Scharlemann, A. Watkinson, and O. Watts (eds.), Report of the Global Climate Change and Biodiversity Conference, April 8-10, 2003, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 4-6, 2003.

(P) Sausen, R., W. Lucht, and C, Fichter, DEKLIM-Bereich Klimavariabilität und Vorhersagbarkeit, in: Klimastatusbericht 2002, Deutscher Wetterdienst (German Weather Service), Offenbach, 221 pp., 191-193, 2003.

(P) Lucht, W., Erdbeobachtung (item entry), in: Öko-Lexikon, ed. U.E. Simonis, p. 69, Verlag C.H. Beck, Munich, 271 pp., 2003.

(P) Schröder, B.E., and W. Lucht, Improved estimates of the terrestrial carbon cycle by coupling of a process-based global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM) with a 17-year time series of satellite-derived fPAR data (AVHRR), Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 03, Toulouse, Vol. 2, 975- 977, 2003.

(P) Beer, C., L. Skinner, W. Lucht, and C. Schmullius, Assimilation of satellite-derived land cover into a
process-based terrestrial biosphere model, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 03,
Toulouse, 3178-3180, 2003.

(P) Schaphoff, S., and W. Lucht, Möglichkeiten der Integration von Ergebnissen der Klimamodellierung in das dynamische Biosphärenmodell LPJ, Proceedings "Bedeutung der Wechselwirkung Biosphäre-Atmosphäre für die nachhaltige Nutzung der Biosphäre und den Klimaschutz", Bonn, Sep 16-17, 2002, 297-302, 2003.

(P) Schröder, B., and W. Lucht, Globale Kohlenstoff-Bilanzierung durch Kopplung des Dynamischen Vegetationsmodells LPJ mit Zeitreihen von AVHRR-fPAR-Satellitendaten - Erste Ergebnisse, Proceedings "Bedeutung der Wechselwirkung Biosphäre-Atmosphäre für die nachhaltige Nutzung der Biosphäre und den Klimaschutz", Bonn, Sep 16-17, 2002, 121-125, 2003.

(A) Lucht, W., Der Norden ergrünt im Computer, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, 2/03, 8-10, 2003.


2002

(J.29) Lotze-Campen, H., W. Lucht,  and C. C. Jaeger, How to "geoscope" a transition to sustainable water use", Gaia 11, 293-296, 2002.

(J.28) Lucht, W., I.C. Prentice, R.B. Myneni, S. Sitch, P. Friedlingstein, W. Cramer, P. Bousquet, W. Buermann, and B. Smith, Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation  greening trend and Pinatubo effect, Science 296, 1687-1689, 2002.

(J.27) Tsvetsinskaya, E.A., C.B. Schaaf, F. Gao, A.H. Strahler, R.E. Dickinson, X. Zeng, and W. Lucht, Relating MODIS derived surface albedo to soils and landforms over Northern Africa and the Arabian peninsula, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2001GL014096, 2002.

(J.26) Schaaf, C.B., F. Gao, A.H. Strahler, W. Lucht, X. Li, T. Tsang, N. Strugnell, X. Zhang, Y. Jin, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, G. Roberts, M. Dunderdale, C. Doll, R.P. d'Entremont, B. Hu, S. Liang, J. Privette, and D. Roy, First operational BRDF, albedo and nadir reflectance products from MODIS, Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 135-148, 2002.

(R) Clark, W. C., J. Buizer, D. Cash, R. Corell, N. Dickson, E. Dowdeswell, H. Doyle, G. Gallopín, G. Glaser, L. Goldfarb, A. K. Gupta, J. M. Hall, M. Hassan, A. Imevbore, M. M. Iwu, J. Jäger, C. Juma, R. Kates, D. Krömker, M. Kurushima, L. Lebel, Y. C. Lee, W. Lucht, A. Mabogunje, D. Malpede, P. Matson, B. Moldan, G. Montenegro, N. Nakicenovic, L. G. Ooi, T. O'Riordan, D. Pillay, T. Rosswall, J. Sarukhán, and J. Wakhungu, Science and Technology for Sustainable Development: Consensus report and Background document, Mexico City Synthesis Conference, May 20-23, 2002, Mexico City, Mexico, International Council for Science, Series on Science for Sustainable Development No. 9, 33 pp., ICSU, Paris, 2002.

(P) Lotze-Campen, H., and W. Lucht, How to observe and model transitions towards sustainability: the Geoscope initiative, Proc. Berlin Conf. on the Human Dimen. of Global Environ. Change, Berlin 6-7 Dec 2002, electronic document, 2002.

(P) Lotze-Campen, H., W. Lucht, and C. C. Jaeger, A Sustainability Geoscope: Defining an integrated information base for interdisciplinary modeling of global change, Proc. 5th Conf. Global Econ. Anal. (Taipei, Taiwan, Jun 5-7, 2002), 2B1-2B12, 2002.

(A) Lucht, W., Observation - A challenge to sustainability science, IHDP Update, Newsletter of the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change, 2/2002, 13, 2002.


2001

(J.25) Feng G., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, and W. Lucht, Using a multi-kernel least variance approach to retrieve and evaluate albedo from limited bidirectional measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment, 76, 57-66, 2001.

(J.24) Strugnell, N., and W. Lucht, Continental-scale albedo inferred from AVHRR data, land cover class and field observations of typical BRDFs, J. Climate, 14, 1360-1376, 2001.

(J.23) Strugnell, N. C., W. Lucht, and C. Schaaf, A global albedo data set from AVHRR data for use in climate simulations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 191-195, 2001.

(P) Lucht, W., and C.C. Jaeger, The sustainability geoscope: a proposal for a global observation instrument for the anthropocene, in: Contributions to Global Change Research: A Report by the German National Committee on Global Change Research, 138-144, 2001.

(P) Schaaf, C., A. Strahler, F. Gao, W. Lucht, X. Li, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, and S. Liang, MODIS operational bidirectional reflectance, albedo and nadir reflectance products, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 01, 2001.

(P) McCloy, K. R., and W. Lucht, Comparison of the Fraction Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) data derived from AVHRR NDVI data with that estimated by the LPJ global dynamic vegetation model, for the globe over the period July 1981 - June 1998, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 01, 2001.

(P) Schaaf, C., F. Gao, A. Strahler, W. Lucht,  T. Tsang, N. Strugnell, X. Li, X. Zhang, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. Barnsley, P. Hobson, M. Disney, G. Roberts, M. Dunderdale, C. Doll, and S. Liang, Temporal Characteristics of the MODIS BRDF/Albedo product, 8th Int. Symp. Phys. Meas. Signat. in Remote Sens., Aussois, France, January 8-12, 233-238, 2001.

(P) Lucht, W., A. Bondeau, S. Sitch, W. Cramer, S. Venevsky, and K. Thonicke, Synergistic use of satellite data and a dynamic model of the global biospheric carbon cycle, 8th Int. Symp. Phys. Meas. Signat. in Remote Sens., Aussois, France, January 8-12, 659-668, 2001.


2000

(J.22) Lucht, W., and J.-L. Roujean, Considerations in the parametric modeling of BRDF and albedo from multiangular satellite sensor observations, Remote Sens. Rev., 18, 343-379, 2000.

(J.21) Lucht, W., A. H. Hyman, A. H. Strahler, M. J. Barnsley, P. Hobson, and J.-P. Muller, A comparison of satellite-derived spectral albedos to ground-based broadband albedo measurements modelled to satellite spatial scale for a semi-desert landscape, Remote Sens. Environ., 74, 85-98, 2000.

(J.20) Barnsley, M. J., P. D. Hobson, A. H. Hyman, W. Lucht, J.-P. Muller, and A. H. Strahler, Characterising the spatial variability of broadband albedo in a semi-desert environment for MODIS validation, Remote Sens. Environ., 74, 58-68, 2000.

(J.19) 
Lucht, W., C. B. Schaaf, and A. H. Strahler, An algorithm for the retrieval of albedo from space using semiempirical BRDF models, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 38, 977-998, 2000.

(J.18) Hu, B., W. Lucht, A. Strahler, C. B. Schaaf, and M. Smith, Surface albedo and angle-corrected NDVI from AVHRR observations over South America, Remote Sens. Environ., 71, 119-132, 2000.

(J.17) Lucht, W., and P. Lewis, Theoretical noise sensitivity of BRDF and albedo retrieval from the EOS-MODIS and MISR sensors with respect to angular sampling, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 81-98, 2000.

(B) Lucht, W., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, and R. P. d'Entremont, Remote sensing of albedo using the BRDF in relation to land surface properties, in: Observing Land From Space: Science, Customers and Technology, Eds. M.M. Verstraete, M. Menenti, and J. Peltoniemi, Advances in Global Change Research Book Series, Vol. 4, 341pp., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 175-186, 2000.

(P) Barnsley, M. J., T. Quaife, P. D. Hobson, J. Shaw, P. Lewis, M. Disney, J.-P. Muller, A. H. Strahler, C. B. Schaaf, and W. Lucht, Estimation of land-surface albedo and biophysical properties using SPOT-4 VGT and semi-empirical BRDF models, Proc. SPOT-VGT Conf. 2000, 2000.

(P) Schaaf, C., A. H. Strahler, F. Gao, T. Tsang, and W. Lucht, Preliminary results from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and albedo product, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 00, 2000.

(P) Li, X.W., F. Gao, J.D. Wang, A.H. Strahler, W. Lucht, and C, Schaaf, Estimation of the parameter error propagation in inversion based BRDF observations at single sun position, Science in China Series E - Technological Sciences, 43, 9-16, 2000.

(P) Li, X., F. Gao, J. Wang, A. H. Strahler, C. B. Schaaf, and W. Lucht, Parameter error propagation in BRDF derived by fitting multiple angular observations at single sun position, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 00, 2000.


1999

(J.16) d'Entremont, R. E., C. L. Barker Schaaf, W. Lucht, and Alan H. Strahler, Retrieval of red spectral albedo and bidirectional reflectance using AVHRR HRPT and GOES satellite observations of the New England region, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6229-6240, 1999.

(J.15) Hu, B., W. Lucht, and A. H. Strahler, The interrelationship of atmospheric correction of reflectances and surface BRDF retrieval: A sensitivity study, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 724-738, 1999. 

(P) Schaaf, C., W. Lucht, T. Tsang, F. Gao, N. Strugnell, L. Chen, Y. Liu and A. H. Strahler, Prototyping the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF and albedo product, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 99, 1506-1508, 1999.

(P) Meister, G., W. Lucht, A. Rothkirch, and H. Spitzer, Large scale multispectral BRDF of an urban area, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 99, 821-823, 1999.

(P) Lucht, W., C. Schaaf, and A. H. Strahler, BRDF and albedo retrieval from space in relation to land surface modelling, Proc. Int. Conf. Workshops Ocean Colour, Land Surf., Rad. Clouds, Aerosols, Meribel, France, LS-P-04, 4 pp., 1999. 


1998

(J.14) Lucht, W., Expected retrieval accuracies of bidirectional reflectance and albedo from EOS-MODIS and MISR angular sampling, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8763-8778, 1998.

(J.13) Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. G. Townshend, R. DeFries, D. P. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, Z. Wan, A. R. Huete, W. van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, and M. J. Barnsley, The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land remote sensing for global change research, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 1228-1249, 1998.

(P) Hyman, A. H., W. Lucht , M. J. Barnsley, P. Hobson, J.-P. Muller, and A. H. Strahler, Investigations of the spatial variability of albedo during the Grassland PROVE '97 Jornada field campaign, Proc. 24th Annual Conf. Remote Sens. Soc. UK '98, 596-602, 1998.

(P) Gao, F., X. Li, W. Lucht, A. H. Strahler, and Z. G. Xia, Retrieving albedo in small sample size, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 2411-2413, 1998.

(P) Schaaf, C. B., W. Lucht, R. P. d'Entremont, and A. H. Strahler, Relationship between land surface properties and BRDF/albedo parameters using satellite data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1277-1279, 1998.

(P) Lucht, W., C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, J.-P. Muller, B. Hu, P. Lewis, Y. Liu, A. H. Hyman, X. Li, M. J. Barnsley, N. C. Strugnell, and R. P. d'Entremont (5), At-launch status of the MODIS BRDF/albedo algorithm: implementation, AVHRR-based prototyping, and future plans, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1289-1291, 1998.

(P) Hu, B., W. Lucht, C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, and M. Smith, Albedos and angle-corrected NDVI for the Brazilian LBA study area from AVHRR multiangular reflectance inversions, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 1292-1294, 1998.

(P) Strugnell, N., W. Lucht, A. H. Hyman, and G. Meister, Continental-scale albedo inferred from land cover class, field observations of typical BRDFs and AVHRR data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 595-597, 1998.

(P) Hyman, A. H., W. Lucht , M. J. Barnsley, J.-P. Muller, P. Hobson, and A. H. Strahler, Investigations of the spatial variability of albedo during the Grassland PROVE '97 Jornada field campaign, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 98, 2408-2410, 1998. 

1997

NOTE: In mid 1997, my last name changed from Wolfgang Wanner to Wolfgang Lucht.

(J.12) Hu, B., W. Lucht, X. Li and A. H. Strahler, Validation of kernel-driven models for global modeling of bidirectional reflectance, Remote Sens. Environ., 62, 201-214, 1997.  

(J.11) Wanner, W., A. H. Strahler, B. Hu, X. Li, C. L. Barker Schaaf, P. Lewis, J.-P. Muller, and M. J. Barnsley, Global retrieval of bidirectional reflectance and albedo over land from EOS MODIS and MISR data: theory and algorithm, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17143-17162, 1997.

(P) Strahler, A., R. d'Entremont, W. Lucht, B. Hu, X. Li, and C. Barker Schaaf, The MODIS BRDF/albedo product: Prototyping albedo retrieval using AVHRR and GOES, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 97, 1220-1223, 1997.  

(P) Hyman, A., and W. Wanner, Relationships between semiempirical BRDF model parameters and land cover type, Proc. Remote Sens. Soc. UK Annual Stud. Conf. '97, 30-35, 1997.

(P) Hu, B., W. Wanner, X. Li, and A. H. Strahler, The sensitivity of atmospheric correction of reflectances to the surface BRDF, J. Remote Sens. China, 1, Suppl., 187-191, 1997.

(P) Wanner, W., A. H. Strahler, B. Hu, P. Lewis, X. Li, J.-P. Muller, and M. J. Barnsley, Global BRDF and albedo from the EOS MODIS and MISR sensors, J. Remote Sens. China, 1, Suppl., 143-148, 1997. 

1996

(J.10) Bieber, W. J., W. Wanner, and W. H. Matthaeus, Dominant two-dimensional solar wind turbulence with implications for cosmic ray transport, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2511-2522, 1996.

(J.9) Bieber, W. J., W. Wanner, and W. H. Matthaeus, Dominant 2D magnetic turbulence in the solar wind, Solar Wind 8, 355-357, 1996.

(R) Strahler, A. H., W. Wanner, C. B. Schaaf, X. Li, B. Hu, J.-P. Muller, P. Lewis, M. J. Barnsley, MODIS BRDF/albedo product: Algorithm theoretical basis document, Version 4.0, NASA MPTE EOS MODIS Technical Document, 252 pp., 1996.

(P) Wanner, W., A. H. Strahler, B. Zhang, and P. Lewis, Kilometer-scale global albedo from MODIS, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 96, 1405-1407, 1996.

(P) Wanner, W., P. Lewis, and J.-L. Roujean, The influence of directional sampling on bidirectional reflectance and albedo retrieval using kernel-driven models, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 96, 1408-1410, 1996.

(P) Hu, B., W. Wanner, X. Li, and A. Strahler, Validation of kernel-driven semiempirical BRDF models for application to MODIS-MISR data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 96, 1669-1671, 1996.

(P) White, H. P., R. Soffer, J. R. Miller, and W. Wanner, Semiempirical modelling of bidirectional reflectance utilizing the MODIS BRDF/albedo algorithm models Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 96, 1411-1413, 1996.

1995

(J.8) Wanner, W., X. Li, and A. H. Strahler, On the derivation of kernels for kernel-driven models of bidirectional reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21077-21090, 1995.

(J.7) Valdes-Galicia, J.F., W. Wanner, M.-B. Kallenrode, and G. Wibberenz, The propagation of solar energetic particles: comparative studies in two cases with markedly different scattering conditions, Astrophys. J., 439, 482-493, 1995.

(P) Wanner, W., X. Li, and A. H. Strahler, A new class of geometric-optical semiempirical kernels for global BRDF and albedo modeling, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 95, 15-17, 1995.

(P) Wanner, W., A. H. Strahler, J.-P. Muller, M. Barnsley, P. Lewis, X. Li, and C. L. Barker Schaaf, Global mapping of bidirectional reflectance and albedo for the EOS MODIS project: the algorithm and the product, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 95, 525-529, 1995.

(P) Bieber, W. J., W. Wanner, and W. H. Matthaeus, 2D Turbulence and the quasilinear theory ``Discrepancy'', Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 4, 269-272, 1995.

(P) Peddle, D. R., F. G. Hall, W. Wanner, and E. F. LeDrew, Remote sensing of photosynthetic activity in boreal forest stands using spectral mixture analysis and geometric-optical reflectance models, Proc. ISPRS Coll. Photosyn. Rem. Sens., 159-170, 1995.

(P) Soffer, R. J., J. R. Miller, W. Wanner, and A. Strahler, Winter boreal forest canopy BRF results: Comparisons between airborne data, laboratory simulations and geometrical-optical model data, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 95, 800-802, 1995.

(P) Strahler, A. H., W. Wanner, Q. Zhu, and X. Jin, Bidirectional reflectance modeling of data from vegetation obtained in the Changchun Solar Simulation Laboratory, Proc. Int. Geosci. Rem. Sens. Symp. 95, 1965-1967, 1995.

1994

(J.6) Wanner, W., U. Jaekel, M.-B. Kallenrode, G. Wibberenz, and R. Schlickeiser, Observational evidence for a spurious dependence of slab QLT proton mean free paths on the magnetic field angle, Astron. Astrophys., 290, L5-L8, 1994.

(J.5) Bieber, J. W., W. H. Matthaeus, C. W. Smith, W. Wanner, M.-B. Kallenrode, and G. Wibberenz: Electron and proton mean free paths: the Palmer consensus revisited, Astrophys. J., 420, 294, 1994.

(J.4) Jaekel, U., W. Wanner, R. Schlickeiser, and G. Wibberenz, Magnetic field fluctuation geometry as a possible solution to the proton mean free path discrepancy problem, Astron. Astrophys., 439, L35-L38, 1994.

1993

(J.3) Wanner, W. M.-B. Kallenrode, W. Droege, and G. Wibberenz: Solar energetic proton mean free paths, Adv. Space Res., 13(9), 359, 1993.

(J.2) Wanner, W., and G. Wibberenz: A study of the propagation of solar energetic protons in the inner heliosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3513, 1993.

(J.1) Droege, W., U. Achatz, W. Wanner, R. Schlickeiser, and G. Wibberenz: Quasi-linear theory and the phenomenology of interplanetary solar particle transport, Astrophys. J., 407, L95, 1993.

(O)
Wanner, W., Solar energetic proton scattering and the spatial structure of magnetic field turbulence in the inner heliosphere, dissertation, University of Kiel, 232 pages, Schriftenreihe des Instituts fuer Reine und Angewandte Kernphysik, IFKKI 93/6, 1993.

(P) Wanner, W., G. Wibberenz, U. Jaekel, and M.-B. Kallenrode, Theoretical and phenomenological proton mean free paths: a comparison, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 3, 234-237, 1993.

(P) Kallenrode, M.-B., W. Wanner, and G. Wibberenz, Interplanetary propagation of 1 MeV electrons and 18 MeV protons, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 3, 242-245, 1993.

(P) Valdes-Galicia, J. F., W. Wanner, M.-B. Kallenrode, and G. Wibberenz, Solar energetic proton transport: comparative studies in two extreme cases, Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 3, 238-241, 1993.

1992

(O) Meyer, J., W. Wanner, G. Neitzke, and P. Lucht, Naturwissenschaft als Herrschaft, Thesen & Diskussionspapier zu einer verantwortlichen Naturwissenschaft, privately circulated book (in German; title in English: Natural Science as Domination, Proposal paper and discussion material for a responsible natural science), 151 pages, 1992.

1991

(P) Wanner, W., and G. Wibberenz: Variations of magnetic field fluctuation spectra inside 1 AU, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 217-220, 1991.

(P) Wanner, W., and G. Wibberenz: Mean free paths from magnetic field power density spectra for selected Helios solar proton events, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 221-224, 1991.

(P) Droege, W., G. Wibberenz, W. Wanner, and R. Schlickeiser: High frequency magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind and their effect on the propagation of solar particles, Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 3, 225-228, 1991.

1990

1989

(O) Wanner, W., Stoerungen der balkenartigen Equilibriums-Konfiguration in zweidimensionalen Simulationen gravitativer Plasmen, Eine Sequenz ovaler Gleichgewichtszustaende in Toomre-Scheiben, diploma thesis (in German; title in English: Perturbations of the bar-like equilibrium configuration in two-dimensional simulations of gravitational plasma, A sequence of oval equilibrium states in Toomre disks), University of Kiel, 221 pages, 1989.